Ecuador lies in the northwestern part of South America and is one of the most diverse countries in the world in terms of geography, topography, climate, and ethnic make-up. Approximately 40 percent of the population is below the age of 15, and only 5 percent is above the age of 65. The average age is 23, compared to the German average of 42. In terms of GDP, Ecuador is the second poorest South American country. At the same time, the economic disparity is very high. About 15 percent of the population survives on less than $1 per day. The country lies in an earthquake zone and has several active volcanoes. In recent years, there have been several eruptions that have produced a great deal of ashfall. In the winter months (January - April), frequent floods and mudslides caused by excessive rainfall affect both coastal regions and mountainous areas.

The humanitarian situation of Colombian refugees in the border region between Ecuador and Colombia continues to be problematic. In recent years, increasing numbers of Colombians have sought protection in Ecuador from the conflict in their homeland. According to information from the UNHCR, some 250,000 Colombian refugees are dependent on humanitarian aid. Among the causes for concern is the number of refugee children who have had their schooling interrupted, the lack of healthcare services, and a general lack of food. Refugees in Ecuador have practically no source of income, so they are not able to provide for themselves.

The situation of indigenous groups in Ecudor is equally precarious. The indigenous Awá (Kwaiker) people are particularly socially and economically disadvantaged. They and their lands are being increasingly threatened by economic interest groups in Ecuador. Despite having been granted legal sovereignty, Awá territory is subjected to takeover attempts by lumber, palm oil, and mining companies, as well as settlers and real estate speculators interested in the land and its natural resources. The Awá territory is the last large-scale lowland rain forest region on the Ecuadorian coast, and a global hotspot for biodiversity and endemic plant and animal species.